The azurin protein structure has similarity to the variable domains of the immunoglobulin superfamily members (Ig superfamily). 3, 8 This protein is involved in cytoplasmic oxidative stress and anaerobical respiration. aeruginosa, while the lack of Cu +-ATPase induces an increase in azu transcription. 6, 7 Azurin is also involved in Cu uptake and hemostasis in P. 4, 5 This protein probably gives the bacterium the capacity to evade the immune system via induction of p53-mediated apoptosis in macrophages and provides bacterial ability to escape from the immune system. 3 Azurin is involved in the electron transfer within denitrification process and anaerobic biofilm formation in P. Among them, azurin is a cupredox protein called blue-copper protein which is located in the periplasmic and cytoplasmic space and which has proven different biological functions. Several virulence factors are involved in P. aeruginosa is frequently recognized as an inhabitant of chronic non-healing wound infections which cause high morbidity and mortality, especially in burn patients, despite antibiotic therapy. aeruginosa are usually related to the immune system compromised situations such as burns, AIDS, cancer and cystic fibrosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen. Azurin probably affects the pathogenicity and capability of the bacterium for dissemination. The expression of the azurin gene was significantly higher in the strains from systemic infections.Global analysis of azurin gene sequence indicated 97.3% similarity among the 168 sequences.The azurin gene was highly conserved and present in all clinical strains of P.Keywords: azurin, pathogenicity, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, burn, sequence analysis This study may open new insight about azurin genetic variation and significance in P. The expression level of the azurin gene was statistically higher in the isolates collected from the blood of burns patients with systemic infection compared to the isolates collected from other specimens (wound, catheter and tissue), which shows a positive correlation between azurin gene expression and increased pathogenicity and capability for dissemination. However, 19% were distributed in different clusters together with the strains from different countries of North and South America, Europe, South and East Asia. The majority (81%) of Iranian strains were allocated to two major clusters distinct from the rest of world, which may suggest that strains from Iran have made a distinct genetic stockpile through point mutations which has established them separate from the other counties. In global analysis, 93% of strains showed missense mutation at positions 81 (alanine to threonine). Only eight point mutations were detected with amino acid substitutions in only two positions (81 and 102). Results and Conclusion: About 98%– 100% of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and imipenem, while 100% and 23.9% of the isolates were susceptible to colistin and ceftazidime, respectively. aeruginosa isolates with different azurin sequences from different clinical specimens was evaluated by real-time PCR. The expression level of azurin gene in P. The azurin gene sequences were compared with the sequence data from other countries. The frequency and genetic diversity of the azurin gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing. aeruginosa isolates were selected from different clinical specimens of patients suffering from burn wound infections in two university hospitals and subjected to antibacterial susceptibility testing. Materials and Methods: Fifty-nine multidrug-resistant P. Moreover, in silico sequence analysis of azurin gene using globally reported sequences was intended. Hajar Mohammadi Barzelighi, 1 Bita Bakhshi, 2 Bahram Daraei, 3 Hossein Fazeli, 1 Bahram Nasr Esfahani 1ġDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 3Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iranĭepartment of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Ale-Ahmad Ave, Tehran 14117-13116, IranĪim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the sequence of azurin gene in relation to its expression in Pseudomanas aeruginosa strains isolated from different clinical specimens of burn patients.
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